Advances in Military Technology
type: channel
description: The international journal of Advances in Military Technology is a peer reviewed journal that provides insight into theoretical considerations and practical innovations in military and security technology. The journal covers a broad spectrum of interests including research, development, design, manufacturing, control, utilization, reliability, sustainability, and the effectiveness of new technologies for military and security requirements. AiMT builds a bridge between theoretical perspectives and practical considerations that are of active interest to the academic, scientific, business and policy communities. The journal welcomes original contributions of theoretical and practical interest, which have not been submitted to other journals, nor previously published. All submissions are refereed in a peer review process by experts appointed by the Editorial Board. AiMT is published semi-annually in June and December. Contributions are only published in English. Prepared issue vol. 20 no. 2.
publisher: University of Defence
language: en
publication name: Advances in Military Technology
issn: 1802-2308
copyright: Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: 1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. 2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. 3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. Users can use, reuse and build upon the material published in the journal for any purpose, even commercially.
items: Comparative Performance of GNSS Configurations in Malaysia: GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, and Galileo
items: Investigation of Vehicle Vibrations During Traversal of Speed Bumps
items: The Use of Wearable Systems for Measuring Biomedical Data in Special Units – Current State and User Evaluation
items: Comparative Analysis of Next-Gen Single-Crystal Nickel Superalloys for HPT Blades via FEM
items: Countering FPV Drones: Insights from Ukraine’s Combat Experience
items: Elevator Deflection and Lift Control of Subsonic Military Aircraft Using PLC and HMI
items: Considerations for Delay and Sum Beamformer on a Multi-Core Processor
items: Research on the Reflectivity of Lens Air Target Simulators
items: Mathematical Model of the Current Time of a Five Fragment Nonlinear Frequency Modulated Signal
items: Research on the Parameters of Jet-Abrasive Devices for Battlefield Gun Barrel Restoration
items: Multi-Criteria Optimization of Complex Technical Systems
items: Long-Term Performance Degradation of Polyurethane Foam Fillers in Military Aircraft Fuel Tanks
items: Principles for Safe Use of Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and Mixed Reality in Flight Training
items: Selecting Double-Base Propellants for a 120 mm Mortar Rocket Assisted Projectile through DoE
items: Research on Coil Design to Improve Performance of Disc-Shaped Magnetorheological Brakes
items: Camouflage Woven Fabric Hooded Cloak for Protection against Thermal Surveillance Imagers
items: Model for Assessing Potential Capabilities of Surface-to-Air Missile Forces Group to Repel Air Attacks
items: Autonomous Weapons Systems Guided by Agentic AI:Lessons for Morocco’s Security and Defense
items: Design of a Low Frequency, Wideband Tonpilz Transducer for Sonar Applications
items: Evaporation and Flammability Studies of Jet A-1 Fuel Blended with n-hexane and Domestic Grade Kerosene
items: Design and Validation of a Low Frequency Anti-Vibration Mount using NBR-Carbon Fiber Composite
items: Innovative Concept of Augmented Reality Training for Countering UAVs
items: Assessment of the Defeating Effectiveness of Ballistic Missiles by Air Defense Systems
items: Calculation of Frequency-Territorial Separation Norms for Decimeter Radio-Electronic Means
items: Experimental and Numerical Study on the Influence of Liner Height on Explosively Formed Projectiles
items: Design of a Passive Heat-Rejecting Thermal ImagingLens for Long-Wave Infrared (LWIR)
items: Assessing Readiness Levels for Implementation of Industry 4.0 Technologies in Military Maintenance Depots
items: Command-and-Control System Analysis and Delineation of Possible Areas for Machine Learning
items: Firearms and Noise: Risk Quantification for Soldiers
items: Selected Problems in Friction Stir Welding of Titanium and Aluminum Armor Grade Alloys

Comparative Performance of GNSS Configurations in Malaysia: GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, and Galileo
type: item
description: This study investigates the performance of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) configurations in Malaysia under both static and kinematic conditions. Data were collected using a U-blox NEO-M8N receiver to evaluate GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, Galileo, and their combinations. Results indicate that the GPS+BeiDou configuration consistently outperforms others in terms of positioning accuracy, altitude stability, and trajectory consistency. Static analysis shows minimal coordinate dispersion and altitude fluctuation, while kinematic tests confirm robust performance in challenging environments with multipath effects. Dilution of precision (HDOP, VDOP, PDOP) metrics further validate the superior reliability of GPS+BeiDou. Overall, the findings highlight GPS+BeiDou as the optimal configuration for precise and reliable positioning in Malaysian environments.
subject: Case study
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Case study
  topic: category
subject: Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
  topic: keywords
subject: performance evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: position accuracy
  topic: keywords
creator: Yih Hwa Ho
creator: D. Raku
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2025-12-09
publication date: 2025-12-09
starting page: 529
ending page: 547
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01913

Investigation of Vehicle Vibrations During Traversal of Speed Bumps
type: item
description: Speed bumps are commonly used to reduce accidents caused by excessive speed, especially in populated or narrow areas. Their design and placement, however, must ensure vehicle stability and driver comfort. This study develops an 8-degree-of-freedom (8‑DoF) vehicle vibration model incorporating road surface equations with various speed bump configurations. Different bump heights and staggered arrangements are analyzed to produce complex vibration responses. Experimental tests on a 2019 Toyota RAV4 validate the model by measuring vibrations over multiple bump types. The results show strong agreement between simulated and experimental data, offering valuable guidance for designing speed bumps that effectively enhance traffic safety while minimizing discomfort.
subject: Original research article
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Original research article
  topic: category
subject: vehicle dynamics
  topic: keywords
subject: speed bumps
  topic: keywords
subject: vibration analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: suspension system
  topic: keywords
subject: ride comfort
  topic: keywords
creator: Viet Dung Bui
creator: Martin Macko
creator: Ba Ngoc Dang
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 601
ending page: 619
doi: 10.3849/aimt.02031

The Use of Wearable Systems for Measuring Biomedical Data in Special Units – Current State and User Evaluation
type: item
description: The service of special units demands high physical and mental endurance, exposing personnel to danger, stress, and CBRN threats that cause long-term exhaustion. Wearable systems offer a promising means to monitor biomedical data, enhancing intervention effectiveness and responder safety. This article reviews current wearable technologies, proposes a user evaluation procedure, and assesses their usability in operational contexts regarding ergonomics, functionality, and benefits. Five commercial systems (Garmin Tactix 7, Movesense Flash, Hexoskin Smart Shirt, Cosinuss° One, Ultrahuman Ring) were tested by the COMMANDOS unit. Results showed the Movesense Flash system had the best usability and reliability. Findings highlight the potential of commercial wearables for special operations, despite trade-offs between comfort, accuracy, and practicality.
subject: Original research article
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Original research article
  topic: category
subject: wearable systems
  topic: keywords
subject: special units
  topic: keywords
subject: biomedical monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: comparative analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: remote biomonitoring
  topic: keywords
creator: Lydie Leova
creator: Vaclav Krivanek
creator: Hynek Schvach
creator: Marek Sokol
creator: Petr Volf
creator: Jan Hejda
creator: Patrik Kutilek
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-08
publication date: 2025-12-08
starting page: 511
ending page: 528
doi: 10.3849/aimt.02024

Comparative Analysis of Next-Gen Single-Crystal Nickel Superalloys for HPT Blades via FEM
type: item
description: This study details a structural integrity evaluation of a high-pressure turbine (HPT) blade made up of three nickel-based single-crystal superalloys, specifically CMSX-4, CMSX-8, and CMSX-4 Plus. Finite element analysis was conducted to evaluate stress, strain, deformation, and safety factor under real thermal and mechanical loading. Aerodynamic precision was simulated in blade geometry, discretized using tetrahedral elements, and fixed root and surface pressure was applied. Material information was used from experimental sources. Results showed similar levels of stress for all alloys, but differences in strain and deformation were noted. CMSX-8 registered the lowest deformation and highest safety factor, indicating better mechanical performance and appropriateness as the material of choice for future high-performance turbine blades.
subject: Original research article
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Original research article
  topic: category
subject: lightweight alloys
  topic: keywords
subject: HPT blade
  topic: keywords
subject: FEA
  topic: keywords
subject: nickel-based superalloys
  topic: keywords
subject: strain and deformation analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdulrahman S. Sait
creator: Saghar Rabbani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-13
publication date: 2025-12-13
starting page: 585
ending page: 599
doi: 10.3849/aimt.02004

Countering FPV Drones: Insights from Ukraine’s Combat Experience
type: item
description: First-person view (FPV) drones, a type of strike unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), have become a serious threat on the battlefield. Owing to their maneuverability, speed and remote-control capabilities, they are widely employed by the enemy to destroy moving and armored vehicles, engage detected targets, and conduct surveillance and reconnaissance. Control is often carried out via fiber-optic communication lines (FOCL). The purpose of this article is to analyze the enemy’s use of FPV drones and to identify effective, non-traditional ways of countering them. The article also presents measures developed to neutralize enemy UAVs and provides an overview of experimental testing.
subject: Case study
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Case study
  topic: category
subject: drones
  topic: keywords
subject: counteraction
  topic: keywords
subject: fiber optic communication line
  topic: keywords
subject: defense
  topic: keywords
subject: war
  topic: keywords
creator: O. Tytarenko
creator: Serhii Abramov
creator: M. Ktitorov
creator: Y. Synytsina
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-10
publication date: 2025-10-10
starting page: 421
ending page: 434
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01998

Elevator Deflection and Lift Control of Subsonic Military Aircraft Using PLC and HMI
type: item
description: A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)-based control system for elevator deflection and lift control in subsonic military aircraft is proposed. The system utilizes Siemens PLC and a Human-Machine Interface (HMI) to provide real-time monitoring and adjustment of elevator angles to optimize aircraft performance. The integration of automation in aircraft control improves precision, reduces human error, and enhances operational efficiency. The paper examines the theoretical principles underlying elevator deflection, the control algorithms implemented, and the experimental setup used to validate the system’s performance. The design of a PLC-based closed-loop elevator control system is experimentally validated with a measured 0.1 s response time, demonstrating improved precision compared to manual control.
subject: Case study
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Case study
  topic: category
subject: elevator
  topic: keywords
subject: deflection
  topic: keywords
subject: lift control
  topic: keywords
subject: Simatic PLC
  topic: keywords
subject: HMI
  topic: keywords
creator: V. Jegathesan
creator: N. Hema
creator: S.T.V. Chekuri
creator: P.U. Binesh
creator: S. Venkatachalam
creator: Kalagotla Chenchireddy
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 577
ending page: 584
doi: 10.3849/aimt.02000

Considerations for Delay and Sum Beamformer on a Multi-Core Processor
type: item
description: This paper presents a real-time, scalable beamformer solution utilizing Intel multicore processors for a Passive Surveillance Sonar (PSS) system. With larger arrays being developed to address the complexities of the ocean environment, the demand to handle high-bandwidth data in the beamformer has become essential. The time-domain delay-and-sum beamformer is analyzed for a cylindrical array, and the best configuration is selected for a simplified realization. The beamformer is demanding in terms of both computation and memory. Considerations for developing an optimized implementation on a multicore machine are discussed, along with the realization of a scalable solution. The beamformer is evaluated for performance with arrays of varying complexities and successfully meets real-time requirements. Finally, a solution for a PSS with a panoramic 450-beam configuration, which has evolved based on this concept, demonstrates the capabilities of the proposed approach.
subject: Original research article
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Original research article
  topic: category
subject: sonar beamformer
  topic: keywords
subject: multicore processing
  topic: keywords
subject: sonar signal processing
  topic: keywords
creator: M. Prakash Narayanan
creator: G. Vijay Gopal
creator: R. Rajesh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-11
publication date: 2025-12-11
starting page: 565
ending page: 576
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01994

Research on the Reflectivity of Lens Air Target Simulators
type: item
description: To simulate air targets of various types in the ultrahigh frequency radar range, multilayer spherical Luneberg lenses have become widely used. The reflective properties of such lenses depend on both their absolute dimensions and irradiation frequency, and on the properties of the dielectric material, design features, and their manufacturing technology. This research considers six-layer spherical Luneberg lenses with their uniform division into layers by dielectric permittivity. The calculations performed have shown that the average absolute error in the approximation of the dielectric permittivity to the theoretical law of change when the lens is uniformly divided into six layers by dielectric permittivity is no more than 6.8 %. Theoretical calculations and experimental studies have revealed the influence of the design features of spherical lenses, the characteristics of the dielectric material, and the features of the manufacturing technology on the reflective properties of such air target simulators.
subject: Original research article
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Original research article
  topic: category
subject: reflective properties
  topic: keywords
subject: radar cross section
  topic: keywords
subject: Luneberg lens
  topic: keywords
subject: dielectric material
  topic: keywords
subject: design features
  topic: keywords
subject: manufacturing technology
  topic: keywords
creator: Hryhorii Ivanets
creator: Stanislav Horielyshev
creator: Mykhailo Ivanets
creator: Оleksandr Nakonechnyi
creator: Valerii Voinov
creator: Oleg Stavytskyi
creator: Andrey Galuzinskiy
creator: Leonid Khrol
creator: Olha Serhiienko
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-24
publication date: 2025-10-24
starting page: 483
ending page: 496
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01991

Mathematical Model of the Current Time of a Five Fragment Nonlinear Frequency Modulated Signal
type: item
description: The paper proposes a mathematical model of a five-fragment nonlinear frequency-modulated signal with a reduced level of the lateral lobes of the autocorrelation function. The decrease in the maximum level of the lateral lobes of the autocorrelation function is due to an increase in the number of signal fragments, a rational choice of their frequency-time characteristics, and compensation of frequency-phase distortions at their junctions. It is shown that this leads to an improvement in the spectral characteristics of the resulting signals. An estimate of the quality of detection of the synthesized signal against the background of reflections from local objects is obtained.
subject: Original research article
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Original research article
  topic: category
subject: low-altitude target
  topic: keywords
subject: passive jammer
  topic: keywords
subject: nonlinear frequency modulation
  topic: keywords
subject: autocorrelation function
  topic: keywords
subject: maximum level of side lobes
  topic: keywords
creator: Oleksandr Kostyria
creator: Andrii Hryzo
creator: A. Fedorov
creator: Hennadii Khudov
creator: Yuriy Solomonenko
creator: Sergii Ushakov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-13
publication date: 2025-10-13
starting page: 435
ending page: 447
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01986

Research on the Parameters of Jet-Abrasive Devices for Battlefield Gun Barrel Restoration
type: item
description: This article investigates a jet-abrasive installation with a device for cleaning gun barrels, developed for field conditions. The possibility of efficient cleaning of artillery barrel surfaces without the need for stationary conditions is evaluated, which is crucial for maintaining the combat readiness of equipment during intensive combat operations. A special guiding device holding multiple sandblasting nozzles is used, ensuring an optimal flow of the air-abrasive mixture and improving the processing efficiency. The conducted experiments show the significant impact of the nozzle geometry on surface treatment parameters, demonstrating that the use of a special device enhances both the economic efficiency and processing speed. The study emphasizes the importance of developing technologies that reduce the time spent on restoration work while ensuring the effectiveness of cleaning procedures in the field.
subject: Original research article
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Original research article
  topic: category
subject: jet-abrasive cleaning
  topic: keywords
subject: gun barrel maintenance
  topic: keywords
subject: field restoration
  topic: keywords
subject: sandblasting nozzles
  topic: keywords
subject: air-abrasive mixture
  topic: keywords
subject: surface treatment
  topic: keywords
subject: nozzle geometry
  topic: keywords
subject: artillery system maintenance
  topic: keywords
subject: corrosion removal
  topic: keywords
creator: Vitalii Savchenko
creator: Anatolii Derevjanchuk
creator: Vadym Baha
creator: Ivan Pavlenko
creator: Roman Vozniak
creator: Oleksandr Sampir
creator: Yana Horbachova
creator: Iryna Novikova
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-28
publication date: 2025-10-28
starting page: 497
ending page: 510
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01983

Multi-Criteria Optimization of Complex Technical Systems
type: item
description: The wide functionality and high structural complexity of modern technical systems necessitate the search for new, universal methods for their optimization. The article proposes a multi-criteria optimization method, which allows ranking competitive configurations of complex technical systems in terms of formalized and non-formalized expression of optimality criteria.
subject: Original research article
  topic: section
subject: Original research article
  topic: category
subject: complex technical systems
  topic: keywords
subject: optimization
  topic: keywords
subject: criterion
  topic: keywords
subject: structure
  topic: keywords
subject: objective function
  topic: keywords
subject: scalarization
  topic: keywords
creator: Ivan Katerynchuk
creator: I. Chesanovskyi
creator: R. Khoptinskiy
creator: A. Bratko
creator: V. Veretilnik
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-21
publication date: 2025-06-21
starting page: 349
ending page: 360
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01981

Long-Term Performance Degradation of Polyurethane Foam Fillers in Military Aircraft Fuel Tanks
type: item
description: Military aircraft fuel tanks are equipped with channel fillers made of elastic porous polymeric materials that are used to prevent explosions. Exposure to aviation fuel alters the morphological structure of the tank filler. To assess the behavior of the polymer material under fire conditions, three samples of polyurethane foam filler (new, exposed to fuel for 5 years, and for 10 years) for heat resistance and operational reliability were tested. The results confirmed that aging affects the reliability and heat resistance of the filler. Given the critical role of these fillers in military aircraft, ensuring their long-term performance is essential for operational safety. Based on the results, recommendations have been developed to enhance the operational performance of aircraft fuel tank fillers.
subject: Original research article
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Case study
  topic: category
subject: thermal stability
  topic: keywords
subject: degradation
  topic: keywords
subject: foam filler
  topic: keywords
subject: fuel tank
  topic: keywords
creator: Igor Trofimov
creator: Anna Yakovlieva
creator: Sergii Voitenko
creator: Oleg Dobrydenko
creator: Yurii Tereshchenko
creator: Vasyl Boshkov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-10
publication date: 2025-12-10
starting page: 549
ending page: 563
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01980

Principles for Safe Use of Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and Mixed Reality in Flight Training
type: item
description: The present article focuses on key flight safety issues in the use of virtual reality, augmented reality, or mixed reality technologies in military flight training. It summarizes what is known and traceable to date about the potential benefits and dangers of using virtual technologies. In relation to these findings, the article then presents options for effective recovery from work in virtual environments, a set of safety recommendations to reduce the likelihood of negative impacts on the userʼs health and fitness, and groups of potential at-risk users for whom working in virtual, augmented, or mixed reality environments should be carefully considered and, where appropriate, subjected to increased supervision. Finally, the article summarizes the logical principles and recommendations for effective and safe work with virtual technologies, not only in the flight training.
subject: Case study
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Human factors
  topic: keywords
subject: flight training
  topic: keywords
subject: flight safety
  topic: keywords
subject: virtual reality
  topic: keywords
subject: augmented reality
  topic: keywords
subject: mixed reality
  topic: keywords
creator: Ondřej Zavila
creator: Petr Michenka
creator: Jan Bořil
creator: Pavlína Engelová
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-02
publication date: 2025-10-02
starting page: 375
ending page: 388
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01978

Selecting Double-Base Propellants for a 120 mm Mortar Rocket Assisted Projectile through DoE
type: item
description: Range extension of a 120 mm mortar projectile can be attained by a rocket motor within the grenade body. This study deals with the design of experiments-based methodology to identify double-base propellant compositions conceptually feasible for such a motor, from a thermochemical viewpoint. Formulations were defined under low vulnerability and green principles, using Minitab® Statistical Software, following mixture design techniques to account for intrinsic constraints. The thermochemical behavior of these formulations was simulated with a specialized software, taking theoretical characteristic velocity c* as a performance indicator. An empirical model was then fitted, permitting the identification of a set of favorable compositions leading to c* enhancement, regarding a reference double-base propellant, thus unveiling the design possibility of rocket motor downsizing.
subject: Original research article
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Original research article
  topic: category
subject: rocket assisted projectile
  topic: keywords
subject: design of experiments
  topic: keywords
subject: characteristic velocity
  topic: keywords
subject: low vulnerability ammunition
  topic: keywords
subject: green propellants
  topic: keywords
creator: Leandro Augusto Iorio Pires
creator: Victor Vinicius Valentim da Silva
creator: Fernando Cunha Peixoto
creator: Emmanuel Péres de Araújo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-30
publication date: 2025-05-30
starting page: 239
ending page: 261
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01969

Research on Coil Design to Improve Performance of Disc-Shaped Magnetorheological Brakes
type: item
description: This study investigates the impact of various coil parameters on the working efficiency of disc-form magnetorheological brakes (MRBs). While earlier research predominantly addressed coil shape and count, the present work examines less-explored factors, including coil installation position and conductor diameter. Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations were performed to analyze the relationships among braking torque, coil geometry, and applied current, with a particular focus on enhancing the torque-to-mass ratio (T/M) to optimize both performance and cost-effectiveness. Results demonstrate that reducing the air gap between the coil and the MR fluid layer effectively concentrates magnetic flux, yielding a substantial increase in braking torque. The study offers comprehensive insights into coil design and configuration and proposes recommendations to improve MRB performance while maintaining economic feasibility.
subject: Original research article
  topic: section
subject: Original research article
  topic: category
subject: Magnetorheological Brake (MRB)
  topic: keywords
subject: coil design
  topic: keywords
subject: Torque-to-Mass Ratio (T/M)
  topic: keywords
subject: Finite Element Method (FEM)
  topic: keywords
creator: Nguyen Anh Ngoc
creator: Nguyen Minh Duc
creator: Nguyen Minh Tien
creator: Hoang Quang Tuan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 361
ending page: 373
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01977

Camouflage Woven Fabric Hooded Cloak for Protection against Thermal Surveillance Imagers
type: item
description: This article enumerates a number of up-to-date achievements in the field of creating metamaterials that can theoretically be used when manufacturing the means of camouflage for armed forces personnel. A high-performance version of the design of camouflage hooded cloak for protecting servicemen is presented. The presence of slot air flaps for the air exchange via thermal convection between the external environment and the internal cavity of the cloak will prevent the formation of unwanted zones of localized heat concentration with the presence of an elevated temperature on the surface of the cloak fabric in the course of a long period of use. Prototypes of such a design of an invisibility cloak have successfully passed tests during combat operations in Ukraine.
subject: Case study
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Case study
  topic: category
subject: thermal convection
  topic: keywords
subject: thermal radiation
  topic: keywords
subject: thermal imagers
  topic: keywords
subject: thermal cloak
  topic: keywords
subject: camouflage
  topic: keywords
creator: Kostiantyn Boriak
creator: Nataliia Peretiaka
creator: Serhii Bazyka
creator: Hennadii Banzak
creator: Maksym Boriak
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-07
publication date: 2025-05-07
starting page: 199
ending page: 209
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01944

Model for Assessing Potential Capabilities of Surface-to-Air Missile Forces Group to Repel Air Attacks
type: item
description: To construct the model, a theorem on specific properties of Markov graphs is proven. Based on this, an analytical representation of the model described in the title is derived within the framework of continuous-time, discrete-state Markov processes. The model accounts for the structure of surface-to-air missile systems (SAMS) in ground-based group battle formations, as well as the formations of means of air attack (MAA) in the air. Its validity is confirmed by showing that the analytical model can be reduced to known and previously verified models. The results demonstrate that relying on traditional models can overestimate the effectiveness of SAMS groupings by up to three times, potentially leading to incorrect conclusions about their capability to accomplish combat missions.
subject: Original research article
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Original research article
  topic: category
subject: battle model
  topic: keywords
subject: Markov processes
  topic: keywords
subject: theorem
  topic: keywords
subject: surface-to-air missile systems
  topic: keywords
creator: Viacheslav Petrovich Gorodnov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-16
publication date: 2025-10-16
starting page: 449
ending page: 465
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01957

Autonomous Weapons Systems Guided by Agentic AI:Lessons for Morocco’s Security and Defense
type: item
description: In this research, we aim to explore the implication of Autonomous Weapon Systems (AWS) within the context of Moroccan security and defense. To achieve this, we analyze the ethical and strategic dimensions associated with the integration of these systems. While AWS present certain advantages and potential benefits, their adoption could also undermine Morocco’s regulatory and technological governance frameworks, thereby increasing risks to national security and defense. Our approach includes a comprehensive literature review, a comparative analysis of notable international cases, and a detailed examination of key documents. Based on this analysis, we seek to provide clear guidelines and practical recommendations to support the responsible integration of AWS into Morocco’s security and defense infrastructure.
subject: Case study
  topic: section
subject: Case study
  topic: category
subject: Moroccan cyber security
  topic: keywords
subject: DGSSI
  topic: keywords
subject: cyber strategy 2030
  topic: keywords
subject: agentic AI
  topic: keywords
subject: autonomous weapons systems
  topic: keywords
creator: Mhammed Kezzoute
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-15
publication date: 2025-06-15
starting page: 327
ending page: 348
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01973

Design of a Low Frequency, Wideband Tonpilz Transducer for Sonar Applications
type: item
description: Tonpilz transducers are the most widely used transducers for sonar applications due to their good acoustic performance, simple construction, ease of array formation and long service life. However, the large size and mass required for low-frequency transducers limit their typical use to frequencies above 2 kHz. Another limitation is its low bandwidth. In this paper, an attempt is made to design a transducer with a resonance frequency of 1 kHz and a source level of 190 dB or more with a useful bandwidth of more than two octaves. The finite element method is used to model the transducer and to study the effect of important parameters on Transmitting Voltage Response (TVR). Based on the study an optimum design is proposed. The studies reveal that the dimensions of the piezoceramic stack and head mass significantly affect TVR.
subject: Original research article
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Original research article
  topic: category
subject: Tonpilz transducer
  topic: keywords
subject: sonar
  topic: keywords
subject: underwater transducer
  topic: keywords
subject: low-frequency
  topic: keywords
subject: finite element model
  topic: keywords
creator: M.R. Subash Chandrabose
creator: N. Biju
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-04-17
publication date: 2025-04-17
starting page: 95
ending page: 105
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01971

Evaporation and Flammability Studies of Jet A-1 Fuel Blended with n-hexane and Domestic Grade Kerosene
type: item
description: In the present study, Jet A-1 blended fuels were prepared using n-hexane and domestic-grade kerosene in different ratios. Afterwards, characterization studies were conducted which includes, a) density, b) dynamic/kinematic viscosity, c) calorific value, d) flammability, and e) evaporation constant. For evaporation studies, an in-house developed hanging droplet method was used. Evaporation constant (λ) was determined for each sample by varying the heat flux and by noting down the evaporation time. From the experiments, positive result was obtained for the blends of n-hexane and domestic grade kerosene with Jet A-1. From the obtained results, it was observed that blends of 90 % Jet A-1, 5 % n-hexane & 5 % DGK, and blends of 80 % Jet A-1 & 20 % n-hexane show the better results.
subject: Original research article
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Original research article
  topic: category
subject: Jet A-1
  topic: keywords
subject: Jet A-1 fuel blends
  topic: keywords
subject: droplet evaporation
  topic: keywords
subject: evaporation constant
  topic: keywords
subject: fuel efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: fuel performance
  topic: keywords
creator: Vikas Sidhu
creator: Souvik Pal
creator: Pratim Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-20
publication date: 2025-10-20
starting page: 467
ending page: 481
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01968

Design and Validation of a Low Frequency Anti-Vibration Mount using NBR-Carbon Fiber Composite
type: item
description: The vibrations generated by onboard machinery can adversely impact stealth of marine platforms. Designers typically mitigate the source of vibration; however additional passive anti-vibration mounts have to be used for isolating equipment above a specific frequency threshold. This study focuses on the development, testing, and comparative evaluation of composite anti-vibration mounts incorporating short carbon fiber reinforcement in an NBR matrix. Three damping elements designs were optimized based on the stress-strain properties of five NBR compositions with varying short-fiber loading. The research involved designing and testing the mounts, FEM of the materials, FEA of the mounts, and experimental validation. Among the tested designs, model-2 with 2 parts per hundred rubber (phr) fiber loading demonstrated superior vibration damping performance for low-frequency applications.
subject: Original research article
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Original research article
  topic: category
subject: vibration isolation
  topic: keywords
subject: composite anti-vibration mount
  topic: keywords
subject: transmissibility
  topic: keywords
subject: nitrile rubber
  topic: keywords
subject: low-frequency mount
  topic: keywords
subject: finite element modeling
  topic: keywords
subject: creep
  topic: keywords
creator: Kunjumoideen Shajahan
creator: Arun Sundar RS
creator: Ramesh Kumar AV
creator: Reji John
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-06
publication date: 2025-06-06
starting page: 227
ending page: 295
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01967

Innovative Concept of Augmented Reality Training for Countering UAVs
type: item
description: Contemporary armed conflicts are characterized by the increasing use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). One key approach is firearm-based defense. This paper presents the concept of an innovative trainer based on augmented reality (AR) technology. The system integrates a virtual environment generated by the Unreal Engine in real-time (including realistic models of drones and firearms) with real-world maps displayed through HoloLens 2 glasses. The paper covers the technical design and implementation, enabling battlefield simulation. The prototype includes features such as dynamic training scenario generation, real-time user position synchronization, and realistic UAV behavior simulation. Findings highlight AR’s potential in military training while addressing challenges like GPS integration and cross-environment synchronization. The system demonstrates selected capabilities for the future of military training.
subject: Case study
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Case study
  topic: category
subject: AR
  topic: keywords
subject: augmented reality
  topic: keywords
subject: training
  topic: keywords
subject: UAV
  topic: keywords
subject: unmanned aerial vehicles
  topic: keywords
subject: counter-drone
  topic: keywords
creator: J. Kaczorowski
creator: M. Zarzycki
creator: A. Wiśniewski
creator: M. Rychwicka
creator: W. Kaczmarek
creator: Natalia Daniel
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-21
publication date: 2025-05-21
starting page: 227
ending page: 237
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01965

Assessment of the Defeating Effectiveness of Ballistic Missiles by Air Defense Systems
type: item
description: Combating tactical and short-range ballistic missiles in modern military conflicts is the most critical task of the air defense forces. The paper describes a method for assessing the effectiveness of hitting tactical and short-range ballistic missiles by an anti-aircraft missile system, which considers the time characteristics of the stages of the combat operation process of an anti-aircraft missile system. The anti-aircraft missile system functions as a part of the tactical missile defense system. The method is advisable to use when deciding to protect facilities from ballistic missile strikes.
subject: Case study
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Case study
  topic: category
subject: anti-aircraft missile system
  topic: keywords
subject: tactical missile defense system
  topic: keywords
subject: probability distribution density of time characteristic
  topic: keywords
subject: probability of hitting
  topic: keywords
subject: ballistic missile
  topic: keywords
creator: Oleksii Zahorka
creator: Serhii Polishchuk
creator: Iryna Zahorka
creator: Natalia Fregan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-04-15
publication date: 2025-04-15
starting page: 81
ending page: 93
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01963

Calculation of Frequency-Territorial Separation Norms for Decimeter Radio-Electronic Means
type: item
description: The paper considers the main models of radio wave propagation used in the calculation of radio lines in the line-of-sight area. It has been shown that to calculate the frequency-territorial separation norms, the Vvedensky reflective model is advisable. The methodology for calculating the frequency-territorial separation norms and the peculiarities of its application for radio-electronic means operating in the decimeter-wave range are determined. Failure to take into account the attenuation multiplier during radio wave propagation within the scope of the Vvedensky formula leads to an error in the calculation of the interference power at the input of the interference receiver-receptor and to an erroneous increase in frequency separation during the development of frequency-territorial separation norms for decimeter radio-electronic means.
subject: Case study
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Case study
  topic: category
subject: electromagnetic compatibility
  topic: keywords
subject: frequency separation
  topic: keywords
subject: territorial separation
  topic: keywords
subject: multiplier
  topic: keywords
subject: attenuation
  topic: keywords
creator: V. Pozdniak
creator: O. Vysotskyi
creator: S. Makarov
creator: Pavlo Openko
creator: V. Bondar
creator: V. Horbenko
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-03
publication date: 2025-06-03
starting page: 263
ending page: 275
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01962

Experimental and Numerical Study on the Influence of Liner Height on Explosively Formed Projectiles
type: item
description: Explosively Formed Projectiles (EFP) are widely used in both military and civilian sectors for their ability to strike distant targets effectively. This study investigates EFP formation and penetration using Ansys Autodyn simulations and experimental validation. Focusing on the EFP warhead structure, it analyzes how liner height influences projectile performance. Results show that variations in liner height significantly affect the EFP’s velocity, penetration depth, and diameter in steel targets. The study finds that an optimal liner height between 0.2 and 0.3 times the liner diameter yields the best projectile shape and dynamics. These findings offer practical guidance for selecting liner geometry in EFP warhead design.
subject: Original research article
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Original research article
  topic: category
subject: explosively formed projectile
  topic: keywords
subject: liner height
  topic: keywords
subject: penetration
  topic: keywords
subject: Ansys Autodyn
  topic: keywords
creator: QUAN PHAM HONG
creator: V. Minh Do
creator: D. Thanh Tran
creator: X. Son Bui
creator: H. Nguyen Pham
creator: D. Tho To
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-11
publication date: 2025-05-11
starting page: 211
ending page: 225
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01961

Design of a Passive Heat-Rejecting Thermal ImagingLens for Long-Wave Infrared (LWIR)
type: item
description: The paper presents a method for calculating a thermal imaging objective lens working with an uncooled detector in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) spectral region with the ability to passively remove optical heat based on the selection of appropriate materials. The objective lens optical system consists of only 3 spherical lenses made from three types of infrared materials with different refractive indices and dispersions. The simulation results show that the thermal imaging objective lens optical system has good quality, fully meeting the requirements for image quality, with the ability to completely passively remove heat.
subject: Original research article
  topic: section
subject: Original research article
  topic: category
subject: Triplet
  topic: keywords
subject: thermal infrared lens
  topic: keywords
subject: athermalization
  topic: keywords
creator: ChiToan Dang
creator: Teodor Baláž
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-01
publication date: 2025-05-01
starting page: 173
ending page: 183
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01959

Assessing Readiness Levels for Implementation of Industry 4.0 Technologies in Military Maintenance Depots
type: item
description: Industry 4.0(I4.0) is transforming manufacturing and maintenance processes across various sectors in the world. This paper assesses I4.0 readiness levels in Indian Military Aircraft and Systems Maintenance Depots (MASMDs). Current readiness models often lack dimensions relevant for military maintenance. This research evaluates five diverse MASMDs across different platforms, analyzing data based on aircraft type, systems type, depot size, workload, and technological capabilities. The results reveal varying I4.0 readiness levels among depots and identify critical improvement areas. The findings provide insights for defense organizations planning digital transformation in maintenance facilities. Future research could extend to other military maintenance domains or compare readiness across different nations' armed forces.
subject: Case study
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Case study
  topic: category
subject: Industry 4.0
  topic: keywords
subject: maintenance
  topic: keywords
subject: military repair depots
  topic: keywords
subject: readiness level
  topic: keywords
creator: Ranjan Arora
creator: Vineet Bhatia
creator: Sumati Sidharth
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-04-25
publication date: 2025-04-25
starting page: 155
ending page: 172
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01956

Command-and-Control System Analysis and Delineation of Possible Areas for Machine Learning
type: item
description: This paper explores AI and machine learning integration in military command-and-control (C2) systems, enhancing decision-making and operational efficiency. It examines AI applications across military levels, emphasizing predictive analytics, anomaly detection, and pattern recognition for improved situational awareness. Using the WASP simulation system, the study develops a neural network for scenario planning, highlighting simulators’ role in AI training. Results show AI’s potential to automate troop movement, command post deployment, and enemy maneuver recognition. The findings suggest AI-driven adaptability in dynamic battlefield environments. Future research will focus on advanced simulations and AI applications for military decision-making, reinforcing AI’s strategic role in modern warfare.a
subject: Case study
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Command-and-control
  topic: keywords
subject: Artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Machine Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Military system
  topic: keywords
subject: Simulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Neural Network
  topic: keywords
creator: Petr Gallus
creator: Petr Františ
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-03
publication date: 2025-10-03
starting page: 389
ending page: 407
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01948

Firearms and Noise: Risk Quantification for Soldiers
type: item
description: Professional soldiers are often exposed to the risk of excessive noise during their work. The most common environment in which a soldier is exposed to excessive noise is regular shooter training. Excessive noise can lead to sudden acoustic trauma or barotrauma with perforation of the eardrum, and chronic hearing damage can occur with repeated exposure to noisy environments. Other complaints, such as tinnitus, can accompany these conditions. It is, therefore, important to prevent such damage and use hearing protection (such as earplugs or earmuffs) as these play an important role in preventing hearing damage. However, any aid is only as effective as its proper use. This article describes the risk of hearing damage when firing firearms.
subject: Case study
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Noise
  topic: keywords
subject: Firearms
  topic: keywords
subject: Hearing Protection
  topic: keywords
creator: Jiří Néma
creator: Kristýna Néma
creator: Roman Vítek
creator: Martin Červenka
creator: L. Školoudík
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-08
publication date: 2025-10-08
starting page: 409
ending page: 420
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01946

Selected Problems in Friction Stir Welding of Titanium and Aluminum Armor Grade Alloys
type: item
description: In this paper, authors reported selected problems in friction stir welding (FSW) of 5 mm-thick AA7075-T651 and 3 mm-thick Ti6Al4V. The investigation involved macro and micro-structure analysis and mechanical testing. The welded joints of Ti6Al4V were characterized by the presence of backing plate steel fragments and tungsten particles in the bottom part of the stir zone (SZ) and thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), which resulted in a relatively low value of joint efficiency (60 %). The investigation on AA7075-T651 was concerned with high-speed FSW (HSFSW) using the MX Triflute tool. In all cases, defective welded joints have been obtained (incomplete root penetration, voids in the SZ) with the best result of joint efficiency of about 59 %.
subject: Case study
  topic: section
subject: Articles
  topic: category
subject: Case study
  topic: category
subject: friction stir welding
  topic: keywords
subject: mechanical properties
  topic: keywords
subject: weld defects
  topic: keywords
subject: aluminum
  topic: keywords
subject: titanium
  topic: keywords
creator: Robert Kosturek
creator: Janusz Torzewski
creator: Marcin Wachowski
creator: Krzysztof Grzelak
creator: Lucjan Śnieżek
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Advances in Military Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-01-16
publication date: 2025-01-16
starting page: 217
ending page: 224
doi: 10.3849/aimt.01851